4/15/2024 0 Comments Ptsd symptoms dsm 5 criteriaDespite this, refugees remain under-represented in research on traumatic stress. Refugees and asylum-seekers are often exposed to multiple types of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and report elevated rates of psychological disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There are currently an estimated 65.6 million refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced people worldwide and this number is growing. The psychological presentation of traumatised refugees and asylum seekers is complex and presents a global challenge to public health. Our findings offer preliminary support for the applicability of the Anhedonia model to a culturally diverse refugee sample, and contribute to a growing body of studies which indicate that the DSM-5 model may not best represent the symptom structure of PTSD found across non-western conflict-affected populations. Instead, we found preliminary evidence in support of the six-factor Anhedonia model, comprising the symptom clusters of re-experiencing, avoidance, negative affect, anhedonia, dysphoric arousal and anxious arousal, as the superior model for our data. However, an examination of relative fit revealed that the DSM-5 model provided the poorest fit overall for our sample. Resultsįindings from five confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) revealed that all models demonstrated acceptable model fit. All measures were translated into Arabic, Farsi or Tamil using rigorous translation procedures, or provided in English. MethodsĪ total of 246 refugees settled in Australia were assessed using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, to measure exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), and the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, to assess symptoms of PTSD based on DSM-5 criteria. The current study assessed the construct validity of the DSM-5 PTSD structure in a refugee sample from a variety of cultural backgrounds alongside four alternate models commonly identified in western populations, namely the four-factor Dysphoria model, the five-factor Dysphoric Arousal model, and the six-factor Anhedonia and Externalising Behaviours models. The symptom structure of PTSD underwent a major revision in the recent formulation in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and this reformulation has yet to be comprehensively investigated in the context of PTSD arising from traumatic events experienced by refugees. Considering this, refugee populations merit continued research in the field of traumatic stress to better understand the psychological impact of these experiences. Specify if: Chronic: if duration of symptoms is 3 months or more.Refugees and asylum-seekers are often exposed to multiple types of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and report elevated rates of psychological disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Specify if: Acute: if duration of symptoms is less than 3 months. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in relationships with parents, sibling, peers, or other caregivers or with school behavior. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.į. Duration of the disturbance is more than 1 month.į. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in criteria B, C, and D) is more than 1 month.Į. Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation) typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects (including extreme temper tantrums). Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless sleep). Alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidence by two (or more) of the following: 5. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma), as indicated by two or more of the following:ĭ. Persistent reduction in expression of positive emotions.ĭ. Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities, including constriction play 5. Substantially increased frequency of negative emotional states (e.g., fear, guilt, sadness, shame, confusion). 2.Īvoidance of or efforts to avoid people, conversations, or interpersonal situations that arouse recollections of the traumatic event(s).Negative alterations in cognitions 3. One or more of the following symptoms, representing either persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event(s), or negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event, must be present, beginning after the traumatic event(s) or worsening after the event.Īvoidance of or efforts to avoid places or physical reminders that arouse recollections of the traumatic event(s). Sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., does not expect to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span).Ĭ.
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